Sleep duration modifies the association between obstructive sleep apnea risk and glaucoma: evidence from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Table 5 Relationship between OSA risk (STOP-BANG) and intraocular pressure

STOP-BANG components	Unadjusted			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4
STOP-BANG components	β	95% CI	P value	β	95% CI	P value	β	95% CI	P value	β	95% CI	P value
Snoring	0.39	0.26–0.53	< 0.001	0.34	0.20–0.47	0.131	0.32	0.19–0.46	< 0.001	0.24	0.10–0.38	< 0.001
Tired	0.06	− 0.07–0.18	0.381	0.03	− 0.09–0.15	0.605	0.03	− 0.09–0.15	0.627	0.02	− 0.10–0.15	0.701
Observed	0.32	0.11–0.52	0.003	0.22	0.01–0.43	0.038	0.21	0.00–0.42	0.055	0.13	− 0.07–0.33	0.213
Pressure	0.18	0.05–0.31	0.008	0.47	0.34–0.61	< 0.001	0.48	0.34–0.62	< 0.001	0.30	0.16–0.44	< 0.001
BMI	0.67	0.41–0.93	< 0.001	0.54	0.29–0.79	< 0.001	0.57	0.32–0.82	< 0.001	0.32	0.07–0.58	0.013
Age	− 0.46	− 0.60 to − 0.32	< 0.001	− 0.46	− 0.60 to − 0.32	< 0.001	− 0.30	− 0.44 to − 0.15	< 0.001	− 0.21	− 0.36 to − 0.07	0.004
Neck	0.82	0.61–1.03	< 0.001	0.70	0.48–0.92	< 0.001	0.70	0.47–0.92	< 0.001	0.49	0.27–0.71	< 0.001
Gender	0.17	0.06–0.28	0.002	0.14	0.03–0.25	0.013	− 0.07	− 0.23–0.10	0.437	− 0.13	− 0.30–0.04	0.129
OSA high risk group (STOP-BANG score ≥ 3)	0.26	0.14–0.38	< 0.001	0.47	0.33–0.61	< 0.001	0.46	0.32–0.60	< 0.001	0.34	0.20–0.47	< 0.001

CI = confidence interval; BMI = body mass index
Linear regression models were used to estimate β coefficients and 95% CIs for intraocular pressure. Adjustments were progressively included in Models 2–4
Model 2: Adjusted for gender and age
Model 3: Adjusted for variables in Model 2, with additional adjustments for smoking, drinking, physical activity, educational level, and income level
Model 4: Adjusted for variables in Model 3, with additional adjustments for metabolic syndrome, stress level, refractive error, and glaucoma treatment
Age and gender variables were excluded for the respective STOP-BANG components “age” (≥ 50 years) and “gender” (male) to avoid redundancy

ISSN: 2326-0254