Table 1 Cases of occlusive retinal vasculitis following IVI
Author | Study design | Year | Number of cases | Age | Sex | Laterality | Indication | IVI agent | Number of injections | Other IVI | Onset | Initial VA | Treatment regime | Final VA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baxter et al. [12] | Case report | 2015 | 1 | 83 | F | Right | BRVO | Ranibizumab | 2 | Nil | 16 h | HM | Vitrectomy: 2 IV antibiotics PO prednisolone Laser therapy Gas tamponade Sub triamcinolone | 20/200 (4 w) |
Jain et al. [19] | Case report | 2020 | 1 | 92 | F | Left | AMD | Brolucizumab | 3 | Multiple bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept | 16 d | CF | Top prednisolone | – |
Haug et al. [16] | Case report | 2020 | 2 | 88 | F | Both | AMD | Brolucizumab | 1 | Right: 26 ranibizumab Left: 21 ranibizumab | 4 w | Right: 20/40 Left: 20/50 | Top prednisolone IV dexamethasone | – |
Baumal et al. [11] | Retrospective case series | 2020 | 15 | 77.6 | F: 12 | – | AMD | Brolucizumab | 1.4 | 27.5 | 30.3 d | 20/191 | Top prednisolone Top difluprednate PO valacyclovir IV solumedrol | 20/136 (25 d) |
Iyer et al. [18] | Case report | 2020 | 1 | 76 | F | Right | AMD | Ranibizumab | 3 | Multiple bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept | 1 w | 20/200 | Top prednisolone PO methylprednisolone Vitrectomy IV triamcinolone | – |
Witkin et al. [23] | Retrospective case series | 2020 | 26 | 79.1 | F: 22 M: 3 | Right: 13 Left: 13 | – | Brolucizumab | 1 injection: 11 2 injections: 11 3 injections: 4 | 39 | 26 d | 20/151 | Top steroids: 24 PO steroids: 11 IV steroids: 5 Vitrectomy: 4 Observation: 2 IV antibiotics: 1 Antiviral: 2 | 20/243 (53 d) |
Mones et al. [22] | Post hoc analysis | 2021 | 23 | – | – | – | AMD | Brolucizumab | – | – | 25.5 d | – | – | – |
Takada et al. [27] | Case report | 2021 | 1 | 77 | M | Right | AMD | Brolucizumab | 1 | 19 ranibizumab 33 aflibercept | 2 m | – | Top betamethasone | – |
Walter et al. [28] | Retrospective case series | 2021 | 1 | – | – | – | AMD | Brolucizumab | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Aziz et al. [10] | Retrospective chart review | 2021 | 1 | – | – | – | AMD | Brolucizumab | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Khanani et al. [6] | Randomised double-masked, phase 3A study | 2022 | 7 | – | – | – | AMD | Brolucizumab | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Kusuhara et al. [21] | Case report | 2022 | 1 | 75 | F | Right | AMD | Brolucizumab | 1 | 1 aflibercept | 3 w | 20/400 | Top betamethasone PO prednisolone PO kallidinogenase PO aspirin | 20/25 (5 w) |
Kim et al. [26] | Retrospective chart review | 2023 | 1 | 71 | M | Left | AMD | Brolucizumab | 1 | 6 ranibizumab 25 aflibercept | 6 w | CF | PO prednisolone Top prednisolone Sub triamcinolone PO DAPT | 20/200 (3 w) |
Zubrikcy et al. [25] | Retrospective chart review | 2023 | 2 | – | – | – | AMD | Brolucizumab | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Tadayoni et al. [29] | Multicentered prospective single-arm study | 2023 | 4 | – | – | – | AMD | Brolucizumab | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Wykoff et al. [24] | Phase 3, double-masked, active-controlled randomised clinical trial | 2023 | 7 | – | – | – | DME | Brolucizumab | – | – | – | – | – | – |
2 | – | – | – | DME | Aflibercept | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
Hirano et al. [17] | Case report | 2023 | 1 | 68 | M | Right | DME | Brolucizumab | 3 | – | 1 m | 20/32 | Top betamethasone Sub triamcinolone Top brimonidine Top dorzolamide | – |
Bodaghi et al. [13] | Prospective phase IIIb single arm multicenter studies | 2023 | 2 | – | – | – | – | Brolucizumab | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Gillies et al. [14] | Retrospective chart review | 2023 | 2 | – | – | – | – | Brolucizumab | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Grewal et al. [15] | Retrospective case series | 2024 | 9 | – | – | – | AMD | Brolucizumab | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Li et al. [8] | Case report | 2024 | 2 | 96 | F | Both | AMD | Faricimab | 1 | Right: 15 ranibizumab, 38 aflibercept Left: 21 aflibercept | 18 d | Right: 20/160 Left: CF | Top dexamethasone Top brinzolamide PO prednisolone | Right: 20/160 (7 w) Left: CF (7 w) |
Chen et al. [9] | Case report | 2024 | 1 | 73 | M | Left | PCV | Faricimab | 2 | 0 | 2 w | 20/50 | IV dexamethasone | – |