Table 3 IVCM features of conjunctival neoplasms
From: A review of the application of in-vivo confocal microscopy on conjunctival diseases
Authors | Type of neoplasms | IVCM findings |
|---|---|---|
Cinotti et al. [81] | Conjunctival nevi | Nests or diffuse accumulation of medium-sized hyperreflective cells; multilayered epithelioid cysts within conjunctival stroma |
Cai et al. [82] | Nevus on the caruncle conjunctiva | Cells with clear borders, hyperreflective periphery, and hyporeflective center, grouped in nests with irregular borders; vessels surrounding the nevus |
Messmer et al. [83] | PAM without atypia | Hyperreflective granules in 67% of lesions; small (< 20 μm) dendritic cells restricted to the basal epithelium in 100% of lesions |
|  | PAM with atypia | Large (> 20 μm) dendritic cells networks; hyperreflective cells, granules, patches throughout the epithelium |
Ronin et al. [84] | Conjunctival malignant melanomas | Large atypical hyperreflective cells, prominent nuclei |
Pichierri et al. [95] | Conjunctival lymphomas | Polygonal cells without hyperreflective borders or visible nuclei; small hyperreflective cells within hyporeflective spaces or between stromal collagen fibers |
Nguena et al. [93] | Ocular surface squamous neoplasia | Hyperreflective cells of variable size; prominent basal cell nuclei; amorphous hyperreflective features (possibly keratinized material) |
Lam et al. [96] | Conjunctival neuroma | Large, thick, disorganized nerve bundles with prominent loops and branching; hyporeflective walls of the neuroma; numerous individual hyperreflective elementary nerves within the neuroma |